Abstract: At the present stage of economic development, in conditions of toughening competition and rapid changes in the external environment, enterprises are forced to switch to an innovative path of development, which leads to a change in the role of human resources in ensuring the successful activities of an organization. At the same time, the efficiency of using human resources at most domestic enterprises remains at a rather low level, which is the reason for a decrease in competitiveness, a loss of sales markets and a deterioration in economic indicators in general. Underestimating the role of human resources for the successful operation of a modern organization leads to mistakes in strategy development, incorrect prioritization in the implementation of management activities, a decrease in economic results and a deterioration in the image of the enterprise. Thus, increasing the efficiency of using human resources is becoming a major task for a modern organization, the solution of which will help to strengthen competitive advantages and improve the economic stability of the enterprise. Research of features of human resources as a factor of strengthening of competitiveness of the enterprise and the analysis of the factors influencing efficiency of their use. The research is based on the principles of a systems approach, which allows to consider the efficiency of human resources in key relationships. The article describes the main features of human resources use and factors of increase of their efficiency. The relationship between efficient use of human resources and increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise is considered. According to the results of the study, the effective involvement and use of human resources is significantly influenced by the organization of the management system, namely motivation, development and performance evaluation. Human resources, in turn, contribute to the efficient use of other resources, strengthening the competitive position of the enterprise.