Abstract: The article examines the issue of organizational measures to prevent and counteract the use of promissory notes by business entities to legalize illegal income, finance terrorism, and finance the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The main directions of using promissory notes in non-transparent schemes related to money laundering have been determined. As a settlement tool for money laundering, promissory notes are used in shady activities to create fictitious debt as a basis for issuing a promissory note. The use of promissory notes as debt money and specific securities in shadow circulation can be traced to tax evasion schemes, non-transparent formation of authorized capital, fictitious insurance, transfer of assets outside the borders of Ukraine. The criteria for the risks of legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained income from bill transactions have been specified. Grounded signs of suspicion regarding the client’s promissory note transactions subject to initial financial monitoring: the client uses promissory notes as a means of settlement; the client regularly carries out financial transactions with promissory notes (if the client does not have a professional capital market participant’s license and on the condition that the client is not the issuer or recipient of funds under these promissory notes); the presence of unclear (non-standard) conditions in the client’s credit agreements, which increase suspicions about the riskiness of the financial transaction. The use of research results in the preparation of internal documents by the subjects of primary financial monitoring, whose clients carry out financial transactions using promissory notes, will contribute to the prevention of the use of the legal financial system for money laundering, financing terrorism, financing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction based on a risk-oriented approach.